Mexico Military Power - Shortly after taking office, Andrés Manuel López Obrador created a new army, the National Guard, and handed it over to the army.
For the past decade, Mexico's president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, has opposed the military's involvement in the so-called war on drugs.
Mexico Military Power
When then-president Felipe Calderón sent in troops in 2006, López Obrador - better known as Amlo - demanded that the troops return to their headquarters. When Calderón's successor, Enrique Peña Nieto, tried to establish the military's presence under the law, Amlo condemned the move, saying that if he became president, that would change.
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López Obrador said in 2017: "We will not use force to solve social problems." "We will fight insecurity and violence by fighting the causes, not the way they do it."
Shortly after taking office in December 2018, he established a new force known as the National Guard, to be responsible for public security throughout the country. Then, he pushed his political party and coalition parties to give the Mexican military control of the country.
Mexico's Senate voted down the measure earlier this month, despite López Obrador's promise that the new force would be under civilian control.
The National Guard was meant to replace the disbanded federal police as public security. Analysts say that now, the imposition of military rule is the last step in the military's efforts to maintain the stability of Mexico's public security.
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The move has sparked outrage from human rights groups, who say that instead of handing over security to the military, the government should reform the state and local police.
Security expert Catalina Pérez Correa said: "There is no place in the world where soldiers are deployed, armed with teeth, to calm the country."
Experts say that the expansion of military power often leads to increased human rights abuses. And the Mexican military has a long history of killings in this country.
In 1968, the military and police shot nearly 300 students. In 2014, the military executed 22 people in the state of Guerrero. The military was also involved in one of the most famous atrocities of recent years: the disappearance of 43 school teachers who were taken from a school bus by the corrupt police and gunmen.
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Earlier this month, a retired general and two other soldiers were arrested after the government's truth commission revealed that six students had been missing for days before being killed on the orders of the general, who was then the head of the institution. of the local military. .
In the state of Tamaulipas, members of the military are being investigated for the brutal killing of six people. Soldiers are being investigated for killing a state prosecutor in the state of Sonora.
According to security expert Alejandro Hope, the new force, numbering more than 113,000, has played a greater role in fighting crime than in civil law enforcement.
The National Guard is expected to replace the police nationwide, but its statistics show that fewer arrests and investigations are made than other police forces. Government figures show the National Guard arrested more than 8,000 people in 2021, compared to the federal police, who arrested 21,702 people in 2018 and 38,000 police officers.
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"It's an organization that patrols and doesn't investigate," Hope said. "The lack of research work is over."
Critics of the plan say the deployment has done nothing to reduce violence, and may have helped increase Mexico's death toll.
Mexico's "war on drugs" began in late 2006, when former President Felipe Calderón ordered thousands of soldiers to take to the streets to crack down on violence in the state of Michoacán.
Calderón had hoped to destroy the drug cartels with his military attacks, but that approach backfired and took too many lives. As the Mexican army marched on the offensive, the body count skyrocketed and tens of thousands were driven from their homes, disappeared or were killed.
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At the same time, Calderón began to follow the so-called "strategy of kings", where the leaders wanted to publish these cartoons targeting their leaders.
That policy has made some people famous—notably Arturo Beltrán Leyva, who was shot by the Mexican military in 2009—but has done little to bring peace. Indeed, many believe that such tactics have contributed to the destabilization of the world of organized crime, leading to increased violence as new, unorganized groups seek out their territory.
Under Calderón's administration, Enrique Peña Nieto, the government softened its rhetoric on crime to shed Mexico's reputation as the home of the world's deadliest mafia groups.
But Calderón's policies have largely survived, with officials cracking down on powerful cartel leaders like Sinaloa's Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzmán.
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When "El Chapo" was captured in early 2016, the president of Mexico, boasted: "The mission is complete." But the violence continued. When Peña Nieto left office in 2018, Mexico had another year of murders, with nearly 36,000 deaths.
Leftist Andrés Manuel López Obrador took power in December, promising a radical change in tactics. López Obrador, or Amlo as many call him, has vowed to tackle the social roots of crime by providing vocational training to more than 2.3 million vulnerable youths at risk of being caught in the cartel.
"It will not be possible to achieve peace without justice and social welfare," Amlo said.
Amlo also pledged to hold daily security meetings at 6am and deploy a 60,000 strong "National Guard". But these measures will not bear fruit, as the new security forces are mainly used to hunt down migrants from Central America.
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Mexico is currently experiencing 96 murders per day, and approximately 29,000 people have died since Amlo took office.
In the last 15 years, the number of soldiers on the streets has doubled. In the same period, killings increased by 240%, according to public records requested by the Mexican newspaper Animal Politico.
By giving the military more control, Amlo is following the lead of other Latin American countries that have expanded their militaries. In Brazil, President Jair Bolsonaro ordered the military to do everything, control the voting process, manage schools and fight deforestation in the Amazon. In Salvador, President Nayib Bukele took the military to parliament to demand an increase in security spending.
In Mexico, Amlo has ordered the military to do everything from building an airport to providing equipment for the response to the Covid epidemic to building a controversial railroad in several southern countries. Such duties, critics of the president say, have nothing to do with law enforcement. Copyright © 2023, Los Angeles Times | Service Agreement | Privacy Policy | CA Collection Notice | Do not sell or share my personal information
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As a presidential candidate, Andrés Manuel López Obrador has blasted Mexico's military and the "power gangs" that he says run it. He has accused the military of human rights abuses in the country's bloody drug war and publicly clashed with them. and General Salvador Cienfuegos, who was the Secretary of Defense.
But after taking office, López Obrador changed his tone, embracing the military leaders he once beat.
After Cienfuegos was arrested at Los Angeles International Airport last month on drug-trafficking charges, the president came to his defense, threatening to cut security cooperation with the United States unless the charges were dropped. US authorities arrested him this week and sent the 72-year-old retired general back to Mexico.
Traditionally, the military has had little involvement in civil affairs here, making Mexico different from Latin America, where coups and military governments have been the norm.
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According to the agreement made eighty years ago with the then dominant party of the Revolutionary Party, the military was left at all times without interference in the administration.
The president has rejected a campaign promise to have the military involved in Mexico's war against drug traffickers, expanding the military's involvement in other civilian problems.
Today, the military is leading the fight against illegal immigration, the COVID-19 pandemic and gas line theft. They are in charge of major infrastructure projects in the country and will soon control the country's ports and borders.
Research shows that the Navy and Army are the two most trusted organizations in the country for disaster relief efforts. They see it as more efficient, professional and less corrupt than other branches of government.
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"The army is reliable because it works," said a member of Lopez Obrador's administration.
But perhaps more importantly, the president, a populist committed to transforming Mexico to benefit the poor, has alienated many of the country's traditional actors — from the business community to the opposition.
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